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Structure (a sample lesson)

A. Personal pronouns

Bahasa IndonesiaEnglishNote
SayaI(standard)
KuMy(informal speech)
AndaYou, your(standard)
MuYour(informal speech)
KitaOur(when the person spoken to is included)
KamiOur(when the person spoken to is excluded)
DiaHe/she-
NyaHis/her-
MerekaThey, their-

B. Possesive pronoun always follows the object. Learn the order of each phrase:

Bahasa IndonesiaEnglishNote
Nama sayaMy name-
Nama AndaYour name-
Nama kitaOur names-
Nama kamiOur names-
NamanyaHis name(note that "namanya" translates to one word)
NamanyaHer name(note that "namanya" translates to one word)
Nama merekaTheir name-
NyaHis/her-
MerekaThey, their-

C. Personal pronouns, such as my-saya, your-Anda, their-mereka, his/her-nya; come after the object possessed.

Bahasa IndonesiaEnglish
Nama anda PeterYour name is Peter
Nama mereka Peter dan SusanTheir names are Peter and Susan
Namanya PeterHis name is Peter
Namanya SusanHer name is Susan

D. No gender distinction is used for personal pronouns, he and she, his and her. Learn these examples:

Bahasa IndonesiaEnglish
Saya PeterI am Peter
Nama saya PeterMy name is Peter
Nama anda SusanYour name is Susan
Kami Peter dan SusanWe are Peter and Susan
Nama kami Peter dan SusanOur names are Peter and Susan
Dia PeterHe is Peter
Namanya PeterHis name is Peter
Dia SusanShe is Susan
Namanya SusanHer name is Susan
Mereka Peter dan SusanThey are Peter and Susan
Nama mereka Peter dan SusanTheir names are Peter and Susan

E. Questions

1. Either “apa” or “apakah” is used to stress an affirmative question. However, you may drop those two question words, when you have a high intonation at the end of the question. Try the following substitution drills:

Bahasa IndonesiaEnglish
Maaf, nama Anda Peter?Excuse me, is your name Peter
Maaf, nama mereka Peter dan Susan?Excuse me, are their names Peter and Susan?
Maaf, namanya Peter?Excuse me, is his name Peter?
Maaf, namanya Susan?Excuse me, is her name Susan?

2. The word “what” when referring to a person translates as “siapa”. See the following examples:

Bahasa IndonesiaEnglish
Siapa nama Anda?What is your name?
Siapa nama mereka?What are their names?
Siapa namanya?What is his/her name?
Siapa namamu?What is your name?

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